Climate Change as a National Security Issue

Climate change as a national security issue, published in HS Wire, Feb. 22.

“The net conclusion is that weather is changing dramatically in specific regions, and the nature of the change is that we’re seeing more record high temperatures and many, many fewer low-temperature records.”

“The bottom line is that our national security depends on our ability to sustain and augment our scientific and technical capacity to monitor unfolding events and forewarn of important changes,” Baker said. “The imminent increase in extreme events will affect water availability, energy use, food distribution, and critical infrastructure — all elements of both domestic and international security.”Other potential effects, McElroy said, are tied to changes in an atmospheric circulation pattern called the Hadley circulation, in which warm tropical air rises, resulting in tropical rains. As the air moves to higher latitudes, it descends, causing the now-dry air to heat up. Regions where the hot, dry air returns to the surface are typically dominated by desert.

Full text of the 134 page report from Harvard University is here.

A related report that may be of interest: 2013 WorldWide Threat Assessment. (March 13, 2013)

“Natural Disasters as Threats to Peace”

United States Institute of Peace - 2012-09-13

From the US Institute of Peace, this new special report was recently released.  The executive summary and details about the author are located here.  A link to the full text ( 17 pages) also is provided.

I think I will have to add this topic to my list of What Keeps Me Up at Night. The current list was posted on Nov. 15th on this blog.

The main theme is fascinating and one that would make a great discussion topic at future conferences. The author makes a number of generalizations about disasters and emergency management systems used in recent years, which I find interesting and consistent with some of my observations.  One example follows:

Most fundamental to stoic readiness is the political capacity of societies to mobilize in the face of crises. Such capacity includes the ability to make decisions quickly and cohesively, to redirect funding rapidly without corruption, and to deliver supplies and support efficiently. * * * In failed or failing states, government capabilities are especially lacking, and such political capacity is the most difficult set of skills and institutions to improve, even with major develop assistance from outsiders.”

A related report is this one from Harvard University: Climate Change As a National Security Issue. Feb. 2013. The full report ( 184 pp.) is here.

One more article on the topic, from the NY Times on March 3 in this review by Thomas Friedman of The Arab Spring and Climate Change.

Pressing FEMA to Consider Climate Change in Mitigation Plans – update

About one month ago, I posted the article at the bottom of this posting. As you might expect, as a result of  Hurricane Sandy, the environmental groups are pumped up to have the federal government take some actions on climate change. In  CQ, November 5, their article is titled:  FEMA to Weigh Climate Change in Disaster Planning . The full article is copyrighted, so I cannot include it here. Some excerpts:

Environmentalists are stepping up pressure on the Obama administration to consider the effects of climate change in disaster planning, as the recovery from Hurricane Sandy continues one week after the storm hit the
East Coast.

Dozens of environmental groups are calling on the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) to grant a petition filed last month seeking to
require states to consider climate change risks in hazard mitigation
plans they must submit in order to qualify for federal non-emergency
disaster funds.

“States that exclude climate change considerations from their plans will
be unprepared for the volatility of future hazard events,” wrote 42
groups from around the country in a Nov. 2 letter released Monday.
“FEMA’s failure to require states to consider all of their
vulnerabilities leads to insufficient planning and puts people and
property at risk.”

One more take on the topic: Andrew Revkin’s blog, November 6.

Why Climate Disasters Might Not Boost Public Engagement on Climate Change

_______________________________________________________________

October 9: Some environmental groups are pressing FEMA to take into consideration climate change as a future threat when preparing mitigation plans. See “Disaster Planning: An Opportunity to Prepare for the Impacts of Climate Change.”

Aftermath of Hurricane Sandy – some initial articles

Aftermath of H. Sandy

CNN on October 31. “Is Sandy a Taste of What’s To Come? Lead paragraph:

” We should not be surprised. That’s the view of many climate scientists as they survey the destruction wrought by the superstorm that ravaged the Northeast this week. The melting of Arctic ice, rising sea levels, the warming atmosphere and changes to weather patterns are a potent combination likely to produce storms and tidal surges of unprecedented intensity, according to many experts.”

In the NY Times, Oct. 31,  The warnings came, again and again.

For nearly a decade, scientists have told city and state officials that New York faces certain peril: rising sea levels, more frequent flooding and extreme weather patterns. The alarm bells grew louder after Tropical Storm Irene last year, when the city shut down its subway system and water rushed into the Rockaways and Lower Manhattan.

With an almost eerie foreshadowing, the dangers laid out by scientists as they tried to press public officials for change in recent years describes what happened this week: Subway tunnels filled with water, just as they warned. Tens of thousands of people in Manhattan lost power. The city shut down.

Leadership during Disasters:

An interesting article about 3 styles of leadership, from elected officials interested in higher office.

Other articles on disaster and leadership include: The 2011 paper published in the American Journal of Political Science called “Make It Rain? Retrospection and the Attentive Electorate in the Context of Natural Disasters.” The authors claim “…electorates punish presidents and governors for severe weather damage.”

More on the Superstorm in a Climate Context, by Andrew Revkin, NYTimes blogger. October 31.

Five-Fold Rise in Weather Disasters in Last 30 Years.

From Bloomberg News, Oct. 17. North America Has Biggest Rise in Weather Catastrophes

Climate change contributed to a fivefold increase weather-related natural disasters in North America over the past three decades, according to Munich Re, the world’s biggest reinsurer.

“Nowhere in the world is the rising number of natural catastrophes more evident than in North America,” Peter Hoeppe, head of Munich Re’s Geo Risks Research unit, told reporters in Munich today. There was a four-fold gain in disasters in Asia, while the number doubled in Europe, the reinsurer said.

In a related article, insurance and reinsurance are  likely to cost more.

NYC at Risk from Flooding and Sea Level Rise

English: Taken from "The Top of the Rock&...

Hurricane experts have known for decades that NYC is a vulnerable place. In fact H. Irene gave people in NYC a good scare. New article from Homeland Security Newswires provides some new details about the risk and vulnerability of the Big Apple: New York unprepared for flooding, sea level rise; 24 September 2012. The article starts with:

New York City may be a fast paced city of bright lights, sleek attitudes, fashion trends, and some of the best sports teams in the country, but underneath the glitz and glamour is a city which is not prepared for an act of God and which is being threatened by rising sea levels and severe storm flooding; “It’s a million small changes that need to happen,” one expert says

Fast-Melting Arctic Ice May Cause Colder Winters

Sea ice, ice berg and fog.

Arctic Ice Melt Could Mean More Extreme Winters For U.S. And Europe; from HuffPost, Sept. 12. The outcome seems counter-intuitive, but it is essential to understand the science behind this phenomenon. Some excerpts:

The record loss of Arctic sea ice this summer will echo throughout the weather patterns affecting the U.S. and Europe this winter, climate scientists said on Wednesday, since added heat in the Arctic influences the jet stream and may make extreme weather and climate events more likely.

The “astounding” loss of sea ice this year is adding a huge amount of heat to the Arctic Ocean and the atmosphere, said Jennifer Francis, an atmospheric scientist at Rutgers University in New Jersey. “It’s like having a new energy source for the atmosphere.”

The extent of Arctic sea ice on Aug. 26, 2012, the day the sea ice dipped to its smallest extent ever recorded in more than three decades of satellite measurements. The line on the image shows the average minimum extent from the period covering 1979-2010.

The loss of sea ice initiates a feedback loop known as Arctic amplification. As sea ice melts, it exposes darker ocean waters to incoming solar radiation. The ocean then absorbs far more energy than had been the case when the brightly colored sea ice was present, and this increases water and air temperatures, thereby melting even more sea ice.

On Convincing Conservatives to Deal with Climate Change

Former Senator Gary Hart on “The West Is Burning,”  07/06/2012 . Text of article follows:

A genuinely conservative point of view would be that the West, indeed much of America, is warming, that the fires in the Rocky Mountains could well become an annual event, and that those who choose, as I do, to live in the mountains now must calculate the risk they assume by living in timbered areas. Somehow, this cautious view, a characteristic of conservatism, is the new “liberal” for those who distrust overwhelming scientific evidence.

The neo-conservative or ideologically anti-scientific mindset is the topic for much consideration. It has to do with denying the facts when the facts don’t support your preconceived opinions. There is a history of this, including the Roman Catholic Church’s threatened excommunication of Galileo.

But for us true Western conservatives, the fires are here and they require soul-searching. Quite a number of people in my area are now storing family memorabilia in units in the city, anticipating an evacuation order that may provide only minutes to round up children and pets. It’s a new lifestyle. This is the hottest summer in my memory in Colorado. There is now a persistent drought. Crops are drying up. Streams are dry. The air is smoky. And the winters bring less snow and cold. Something is going on.

Even the cautious Economist newspaper now has a special section documenting the warming of the entire Arctic. The good news is that ships will now be able to use the Northwest passage. The bad news is that it opens up the entire region for multi-national oil and gas development which, of course, will produce more carbon fuel to accelerate the global warming. For money conservatives this is a welcome thing. For nature conservatives, like me, it is pure disaster, disaster of epic proportions.

How do you prevent catastrophe when no single individual or nation is responsible? When behavior, in this case carbon consumption, is universal, how do you alter behavior on a mass scale? The single, simple answer, of course, is tax the carbon. Place an escalating price on its use until masses of people quit using it. But the money conservatives have made taxes and the governments who enact them demons.

The great historian Barbara Tuchman wrote a book called The March of Folly. Folly she defined as blind pursuit of a destructive policy with knowledge that a better alternative exists. That’s us, folks. There is a special place in hell, wrote the immortal Dante, for those who, in times of moral crisis, preserve their neutrality. How much worse place in hell must there be for those who perversely destroy Nature herself in the interest of money?

No one is responsible. We are all responsible. The black bears of the Rockies, actually a rich dark reddish-brown, are roaming the foothills with their cubs overturning trash barrels to stay alive. Meanwhile, their polar cousins are adrift on melting blocks of ice. I don’t want to live to see the last one die.

Port Cities with High Exposure and Vulnerability

While most of the U.S. is suffering from excessive heat and more than 50% of the country is experiencing drought, it is a good time to strengthen our resolve to take actions to mitigate likely future hazards and threats.

From the OECD a report on Ranking Port Cities with High Exposure and Vulnerability to Climate Extremes. The list of 20 cities, most of them major port cities throughout the world,  is quite sobering. Both the abstract and the full report (63 pages) are available at the URL noted above.

Steel loading on the Wharf.